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Impact of Graphene Quantum Dot Edge Shapes on High-Performance Energy Storage Devices [dataset] Open Access

Electrode materials critically influence the performance of energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a promising material for next-generation systems due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable bandgaps, and stability. Their nanoscale size creates numerous edge sites with zigzag (ZZ) or armchair (AC) configurations. Yet, the role of edge shape in electrochemical behavior remains largely unexplored. Likewise, the correlation between synthesis methods and edge configurations is unclear, hindering the development of targeted fabrication approaches. In this study, nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) with ZZ and AC edges were synthesized via hydrothermal and electrochemical methods. Subsequently and characterized using physical methods (XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy). They were then they were electrodeposited onto carbon fibers and their electrochemical properties were analyzed (CV, EIS). We examined the N-GQD size, edge configuration, bandgap, charge transport, and process parameters such as pH and electrolyte choice. Results show that ZZ-edged N-GQDs outperform AC-edged counterparts in capacitance (double-layer, pseudocapacitance, quantum capacitance) due to higher density of states from dispersionless edge states which are absent at AC edges. Additionally, pH variations affect ZZ N-GQDs by modulating their energy bandgap, informing electrolyte selection and material tuning to deliver target applications such batteries or supercapacitors. This work establishes performance differences between ZZ and AC edged N-GQDs, enabling precise nanoparticle design for optimized energy storage and open opportunities in bandgap-engineered applications such as solar cells, LEDs, lasers, and photodetectors.

Descriptions

Resource type

Dataset

Contributors

Creator: Grainne ¹
Contact person: Grainne ¹
Editor: Grainne ¹

¹ Durham University, UK

Funder

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Research methods

Synthesis of N-GQDs (HT1-4): adaptation of doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01612 Synthesis of N-GQDs (EC1) via electrochemical cutting (VersaStat 3 Potentiostat Galvanostat, 10 V chronoamperometry for 1 hr). UV-Vis (Shimadzu UV-Vis UV 1800, 190-1100 nm scan range, scans taken with 1 cm path length and measured in a range of 190-700 nm). TEM (JEOL JEM-2100, measured on 200 mesh carbon-coated copper grids, 200 keV). XRD (Bruker D8 Advance, monochromatic CuKα radiation, 10 - 90° (2θ) at 40 kV and 35 mA with a 0.02 °/s scan rate). Raman spectra (Horiba LabRAM HR Evolution, confocal, 532 nm, 100-300 cm-1, acquisition time 800s, fitted using Lorentzian function). Electrophoretic deposition (2 electrode set up; carbon fibres as working electrode, platinum electrode as counter electrode, N-GQD solution as electrolyte. 10 V applied to the cell (Keithley 2200) for times between 10 mins – 1 hour). Electrochemical measurements (CV, EIS, Mott Schottky) were carried out in a 3-electrode half-cell configuration; carbon fibers as the working electrode, a platinum rod as a counter electrode, aqueous Ag/AgCl electrode, 1M H2SO4 electrolyte (VersaSTAT 3 Potentiostat Galvanostat).

Other description

Keyword

Graphene quantum dots
Edge shapes
Supercapacitors
Energy storage

Subject

Electrochemistry

Location

Language

Cited in

Identifier

ark:/32150/r38336h1910
doi:10.15128/r22n49t1726

Rights

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY)

Publisher

Durham University

Date Created

File Details

Depositor

G. Gilleece

Date Uploaded

5 December 2025, 14:12:45

Date Modified

5 December 2025, 15:12:47

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File format: zip (ZIP Format)

Mime type: application/zip

File size: 619128

Last modified: 2025:12:05 14:55:18+00:00

Filename: G_Gilleece_JMCA_Data-r22n49t1726-version1.zip

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