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Market Opportunities for Rydberg Based GHz to THz Sensors Open Access

Terahertz radiation presents a myriad of opportunities for sensing and imaging. Many envisaged THz applications arise from the fact that specific rotations, vibrations or librations of molecules and molecular aggregates occur in this frequency range. THz radiation can: pass through many materials that are opaque in the visible region (e.g. clothing, plastics and paper), allow the spectroscopic distinction of liquids and solids such as explosives, drugs and biomolecules, monitor spatial distributions of chemicals and pharmaceutical active ingredients, and identify defects by strong scattering conditions. Furthermore, THz radiation is non-ionizing and safe in comparison to x-rays. These sensing and imaging attributes enables a large variety of applications for the hyperspectral detection and identification of molecules in diverse areas. Examples of the main application areas of THz imaging currently include: (1) Stand-off detection of hidden objects and weapons (2) Non-invasive medical and dental diagnostics (3) Detection of cracks and defects in materials (4) Non-destructive rapid fault isolation in integrated circuit packages (5) Drug discovery and formulation analysis of coatings and cores (6) Non-contact imaging for conservation of paintings, manuscripts and artefacts (7) Monitoring of crop and plant hydration levels. The terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum sits between the well exploited optical and radio wavelengths; beyond the long-wave infrared, yet shorter than the sub-millimetre wave band. The technology in this spectral region (Generally defined as being between 0.3-10 THz) is significantly less well advanced than for the optical and radio bands, leading to what has become known as the ‘terahertz gap’. Despite research and development in this area of high potential since the 1960’s, the source and detector technology required for effective implementation has remained frustratingly complex, expensive, impractical, and ultimately lacking the necessary performance. Rydberg methods presented here offer an opportunity to harness this spectral region in a simple method that offers direct spectrally resolved THz imaging and field measurements traceable to SI units.

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Creator: M Squared Lasers ¹

¹ M Squared Lasers

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This Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funded document was commissioned by Durham University at the behest of the 'Sensors and Timing' UK Quantum Technology Hub to investigate the market potential of atom-based imaging and sensing.

Keyword

THz
Terahertz
Sensor
Rydberg
Fluorescence
Market Opportunities
Market Research

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ark:/32150/r10k225b08n
doi:10.15128/r10k225b08n

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY)

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Durham University

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A.R. Mackellar

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12 August 2021, 11:08:50

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Last modified: 2021:08:12 12:36:59+01:00

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File title: Microsoft Word - THz PoM Report v31.docx

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